Extension & Magmatism in Rifts

Gently dipping flood basalts in the Turkana Rift

Large normal fault in the Turkana Rift

Columnar jointed basaltic plug

Tufa deposits, Lake Turkana; lavas dip toward rift in background

Turkana raft

Large tuff cone (1 km across)and lava flows, S end of Lake Turkana

Folded lavas from Teleki’s volcano

Geysers at Lake Bogoria

Livingston Mountains Border Fault, Lake Malawi

Strike-slip fault surface near Lake Rukwa

Mylonite from Livingstone Mountains Border Fault

Cross-cutting dikes (few m wide) in Precambrian Basement, East Greenland VRM

Dense dike swarm in Precambrian Basement (cliff is 500 m high), East Greenland VRM

East Greenland Flexure Zone with dark lavas dipping seaward, fed by dikes cutting Precambrian Basement

Schematic cross-section of a Volcanic Rifted Margin (Karson, 2016)